Conceptual model

Once you have written the theoretical framework, you should have an overview of the most important literature on your topic. You have compared various standpoints and have discussed them critically. Now, based on that literature, you should be able to draw up a conceptual model in which you outline the expected connections.

A conceptual model is a schematic representation of the links between variables according to the theory. The conceptual model helps you formulate hypotheses (expectations about existing connections) and gives you an insight into the information you need to collect (for example, the survey questions).

[collapse title= “A conceptual model consists of:”]

• The variables that, according to the theory, are relevant for answering the research question. The variables are the characteristics of the research units.
• The expected relationships between the variables. If variables mutually influence each other, we call that coherence. In the conceptual model this is indicated by a line or a double arrow. If there is causality (one variable influences the other, but not the other way round), a single arrow is used.
• The research units. These are the elements of the research, for example, students, households, companies or municipalities. Only if there are multiple types of research units are they mentioned in the conceptual model, so that it is clear which variables and relations relate to which units. In research into users and providers of care facilities, a distinction can be made between consumers and producers as research units. [/collapse]